Using dbExpress in Delphi Database Applications

One of the strengths of Delphi is the support for many databases using several data access technologies: the BDE, dbExpress, InterBase Express, ADO, Borland Data Providers for .NET, to name a few. What is dbExpress? One of the data connectivity options in Delphi is dbExpress. In short, dbExpress is a light-weight, extensible, cross-platform, high-performance mechanism for accessing data from SQL servers. dbExpress provides connectivity to databases for the Windows, .NET and Linux (using Kylix) platforms.Initially designed to replace the BDE, dbExpress (introduced in Delphi 6), allows you to access different servers - mySQL, Interbase, Oracle, MS SQL Server, Informix.dbExpress is extensible, in that it is possible for third-party developers to write their own dbExpress drivers for various databases. One of the most significant features of dbExpress lies in the fact that it accesses databases using unidirectional datasets. Unidirectional datasets do not buffer data in memory --Â  such a dataset cannot be displayed in a DBGrid. To build a user interface using dbExpress you will need to use two more components: TDataSetProvider and TClientDataSet. How to Use dbExpress Heres a collection of tutorials and articles on building database applications using dbExpress: dbExpress Draft SpecificationAn early dbExpress specifications draft. Worth a read. Introduction to ClientDataSets and dbExpressA TClientDataset is a part of any dbExpress applications. This paper introduces dbExpress and the power of ClientDataSets to people who have been using the BDE and are afraid to migrate. Additional dbExpress Driver OptionsA list of third-party drivers available for dbExpress Migrating BDE Applications to dbExpressThis PDF goes into extensive detail on issues you may face when migrating applications from BDE components to dbExpress components. It also provides information on performing the migration. Create a Reusable Component to Connect Delphi 7 to DB2 with dbExpressThis article shows you how to use IBM DB2 as the database for applications written with Borland Delphi 7 Studio and dbExpress. Specific topics include how to connect the seven dbExpress components to DB2 and use them to build visual forms on top of database tables.

Theory of Classical Conditioning - 1051 Words

Classical Conditioning Introduction In psychology, there are number of theories and ideas which are used to influence the way someone reacts to particular events. In the case of classical conditioning, these ideas have been utilized to create short and long term transformations about how someone sees and reacts to the world around them. To fully understand how this is taking place requires examining these techniques and the way they are influencing behavior. This will be accomplished by studying the theory of classical conditioning, identifying a scenario where is used and describing it in a chart. Together, these different elements will explain these techniques and how they can influence the attitudes of an individual over the long term. It is at this point when they will realize shifts in the way they analyze and react to different events (from the benefits or lack thereof they are receiving). Describe the theory of classical conditioning. Classical conditioning is based upon the belief that an individuals behavior is shaped by their environment and mental thoughts (i.e. their feelings and emotions). This influences how they will react and their underlying mental state. A learning process will take place from associations with the environment and naturally occurring stimuli. (McLeod, 2012) (Lavond, 2003) (Coon, 2008) Under this theory, there are several different areas that are focused on to see how someones behavior is being affected. The most notable include:Show MoreRelatedThe Theory Of Classical Conditioning929 Words   |  4 PagesDiscussion 5 1. Define: Classical Conditioning is learning theory based on the assumption that the learning process occurs due to associations between an environmental stimulus and a natural occurring stimulus, as indicated in our textbook. This learning theory was developed by John Watson. He proposed that this theory is able to explain human behavior. Watson also assumed that our environment shapes our personality as a whole. His ideas were influenced by the findings of Ivan Pavlov, a RussianRead MoreThe Theory Of Classical Conditioning1129 Words   |  5 PagesIn this assignment I will be looking at the Behaviourist perspective with Ivan Pavlov’s (1902) theory about classical conditioning. I will be discussing how I have used human development and learning perspectives in my placement to support young people in their personal and social development with providing a case study about them. I will be writing about how the theory demonstrates effective youth and community work practice including the five pillars of youth work. Behaviourists look at behaviourRead MoreThe Theory Of Classical Conditioning1360 Words   |  6 PagesIs it possible to rouse fear from a stimulus that at first caused no such response? Classical conditioning is a type of learning where a response is produced from combining a conditioned stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus to produce an unconditioned response. Ivan Pavlov did a famous study, pairing the sound of a bell with food to produce salivation. After a while, just the sound alone would produce salivation. â€Å"Little Albert†, an infant that belonged to a wet nurse at the Harriet Lane HomeRead MoreThe Theory Of Classical Conditioning1202 Words   |  5 PagesIn this essay the ways in which classical conditioning principals have been used to treat problem behaviours in humans will be discussed. Firstly the findings of Ivan Pavlov’s research experiment on classical conditioning will be explained. Then a number of his basic principals that include extinction, spontaneous recovery, stimulus generalisation and acquisition will be explored. Finally, the use of behavioural therapy in treating problem behaviours, specifically in relation to systematic desensitisationRead MoreThe Theory Of Classical Conditioning1070 Words   |  5 Pages(1929) and Watson and Rayner (1920) contributed to the theory of classical conditioning. Classical conditioning argues behaviour is learned through the continued pairing of a stimulus that creates a response. This can be a fear response as identified by Watson and Rayner (1920) where a healthy eleven-month-old boy was conditioned to feel fear when he saw a fluffy white toy. This fear extended to any fluffy white object. Operant conditioning theory was developed through the findings of Skinner (1938)Read MoreThe Theory Of Classical Conditioning1222 Words   |  5 Pagesexperienced. Although Harlow has found this theory, Ivan Pavlov experimented with dogs and discovered classical conditioning. Classical cond itioning can show how attitudes are formed and changed, how and when attitudes influence behavior, and how we change attitudes and behavior. Classical conditioning is basically learning through association, which induces involuntary or automatic responses to certain stimuli. A famous example is Pavlov’s dogs, before conditioning the dogs would salivate (UCR) when meatRead MoreThe Theory Of Classical Conditioning994 Words   |  4 Pagestransfer persist, although with a certain loss in the intensity of the reaction, for a longer period than one month.† The data reported in this paper definitely supports this conclusion. The purpose of this experiment was to test the theory of classical conditioning as well as transfer (stimulus generalization); and to see if they would be able to successfully condition an emotional response of fear. When this experiment began, Little Albert was 11 months and 3 days old. Watson and Rayner exposedRead MoreThe Theory Of Classical Conditioning Theory Essay712 Words   |  3 Pagesattachment theory is a psychological, an ethological and an evolutionary theory that is concerned with relationships between humans, specifically between mother and infant. An infant has to develop a relationship with at least one of their primary caregivers for them to develop socially and emotionally. This essay will look at evaluating the theories of Ivan Pavlov, John B Watson, Edward Thorndike, BF Skinner, John Bowlby (1958), and Mary Anisworth (1979) Two important learning theories of behavioristRead MoreThe Theory Of Classical Conditioning1824 Words   |  8 PagesClassical conditioning The first theory of learning is called classical conditioning and was developed by Ivan Pavlov a Russian physiologist. He started working with dogs to investigate their digestive system, they were ties to a harness and Pavlov added monitors to their stomachs and mouths to measure the rate of saliva produced. He found out that when a lab assistant came in to give the dog food before the dog tasting the food it started to produce saliva, saliva is a reflex response and PavlovRead MoreBehaviorism Theory Of Classical Conditioning1700 Words   |  7 Pages Behaviorism is a theory that behavior can be altered through conditioning. Behaviorism does not focus on thoughts or feelings of the subject, just their behavior. Ivan Pavlov was a major part of this movement of behaviorism with his theory of classical conditioning. The most important part of classical conditioning is that it is done through repetition. In his experiment he began with noticing that an unconditioned stimulus like dog fo od causes an unconditioned response like salivation. He then

The Role of a Mother in As I Lay Dying Written by William...

Many mothers, regardless of age or situation, share sympathetic life ideals. They all share the common goal of raising their children wholesome; they want to create an environment of love, nurture, and support for their children as well. A mother’s effort to implant good values in her children is perpetual; they remain optimistic and hope that their children would eventually become prosperous. However, some women were not fit to be mothers. Thus, two different roles of a mother are portrayed in As I Lay Dying written by William Faulkner. Faulkner uses the literary technique of first person narrative with alternating perspectives. By doing so, Faulkner adds authenticity and the ability to relate (for some) to the two characters Addie†¦show more content†¦The narrators alternate, showcasing the fluctuating levels of coherence, understanding and emotional strength. The dialect differs from character to character and the language each character uses, varies on level of in tensity and subjectivity. Each character’s speech varies from being confessional to teetering on the line of awareness and consciousness. The characters each have their own view on life and on the way Addie Bundren lived her life: through these alternate character’s eyes, we can piece together the bits and pieces of Addie’s life, death and the haulage of her decaying body to Jefferson. The narrative seems to be fragmented however, it also exhibits a type of unity. The story takes place over the course of a few days yet the differing â€Å"sub-plots are logically and skillfully interwoven† (Ross 309). Faulkner forces the reader to see the narrative from multiple perspectives. One main factor that emphasizes the distinction between Cora and Addie is motherhood. Cora expresses her view on motherhood because she believes â€Å"A woman’s place is with her husband and children, alive or stagnant† (57). She believes that it is a woman’s responsibility to be a suitable wife, foster their husband’s children, and be upright and outstanding mothers to their children. It is Cora’s job to take care of her daughtersShow MoreRelatedAs I Lay Dying And The Crucible Essay834 Words   |  4 PagesIn As I Lay Dying by William Faulkner and The Crucible by Arthur Miller, women are perceived in ways that fit the time period they are written in. The Crucible deals with women being accused of witchcraft and regarded as witches. In As I Lay Dying the few women in the story, are not highly regarded or of high status. Both authors depict women in different ways, but with similar attitude towards women. Even though The Crucible and As I Lay Dying were works from different time periods, the portrayalRead MoreWilliam Faulkners As I Lay Dying Essay1482 Words   |  6 PagesIn As I Lay Dying, William Faulkner uses the characters Anse and Cash, and a motif/symbol in My mother is a fish, to reveal the psychological and societal problems of the twenties and thirties. Written as soon as the panic surrounding the stock market in 1929 started, Faulkner is reported as having, â€Å"took one of these [onion] sheets, unscrewed the cap from his fountain pen, and wrote at the top in blue ink, As I Lay Dying. Then he underlined it twice and wrote the date in the upper right-handRead MoreAnalysis Of As I Lay Dying1497 Words   |  6 PagesAs I Lay Dying, is a novel about the death of Addie Bundren and the events that follow to her burial. The story is told through fifteen different perspectives over the course of fifty-nine narrative chapters. William Faulkner gives the reader insight into what each character is thinking and their reacti ons to the events taking place. Each member of the Bundren family holds their own secrets that they keep from one another. These secrets eventually distance each member from one another over the durationRead MoreAnalysis Of As I Lay Dying 1738 Words   |  7 PagesSilence As I Lay Dying, is a novel written by William Cuthbert Faulkner, where a poor southern family named the Burdens set off on a journey through 1920’s Mississippi to bury their recently deceased mother Addie Bundren. Before, Addie Bundren passes away she makes her husband Anse promise to bury her in her hometown of Jefferson, Mississippi. This is a large task as the Burden family is located in Yoknapatawhpha County, Mississippi and they must make the rough journey to give their mother her finalRead MoreWilliam Faulker And Cry, The Beloved Country, By Alan Paton1632 Words   |  7 Pagesaspects between the two novels As I Lay Dying, by William Faulker and Cry, the Beloved Country, by Alan Paton. One comparable aspect that can be found in both novels is the many similar themes explored throughout both novels. Many of these themes are prominent throughout literature. When comparing identical themes from two diverse authors, one can understand and appreciate these differences and s imilarities. Although these themes are commonly discussed, Paton and Faulkner have distinct methods in whichRead MoreEssay on Critical History of As I Lay Dying3014 Words   |  13 PagesNashia Horne 28 November 2011 English 290 Critical History Assignment Many of William Faulkner’s books, especially ‘As I Lay Dying’ focused on the South in the aftermath of the Civil War. The themes of his and other Southern authors included: a common Southern history, the significance of family, a sense of community and one’s role within it, the Church and its burdens and rewards, racial tension, land and the promise it brings, one’s social class and place, and, sometimes, the use ofRead MoreEssay about Addie Bundren in William Faulkner’s As I Lay Dying2831 Words   |  12 PagesAddie Bundren in William Faulkner’s As I Lay Dying Woman is the source and sustainer of virtue and also a prime source of evil. She can be either; because she is, as man is not, always a little beyond good and evil. With her powerful natural drive and her instinct for the concrete and personal, she does not need to agonize over her decisions. There is no code for her to master, no initiation for her to undergo. For this reason she has access to a wisdom which is veiledRead More Words and Images in Faulkners As I Lay Dying Essay3612 Words   |  15 PagesWords and Images in Faulkners As I Lay Dying Maybe I will end up in some kind of self-communion -- a silence -- faced with the certainty that I can no longer be understood. The artist must create his own language. This is not only his right but his duty. ----------- William Faulkner Virginia Woolf observes that painting and writing have much to tell each other; they have much in common. The novelist after all wants to make us to see (22). Indeed, many movements in the visual arts duringRead MoreAn Analysis Of William Faulkner s The Kentucky School Board Essay1110 Words   |  5 PagesKentucky school board in Graves County thought the book, As I Lay Dying was the furthest thing from what they considered to be â€Å"normal†. William Faulkner didn’t put censorship into consideration when he was writing this book, in the year 1930, so it caused great controversy. The book was banned for several â€Å"un-normal† things that were spoken about in the book such as anti-Christian references, sexual exploitation, and vulgar language. As I Lay Dying gives us an up-close-and-personal look into the BundrenRead MoreA Rose for Emily - Biography William Faulkner3892 Words   |  16 PagesBIOGRAPHY William Faulkner (September 25, 1897 – July 6, 1962) was a Nobel Prize-winning American author. One of the most influential writers of the 20th century, his reputation is based on his novels, novellas and short stories. However, he was also a published poet and an occasional screenwriter. Most of Faulkners works are set in his native state of Mississippi, and he is considered one of the most important Southern writers, along with Mark Twain, Robert Penn Warren, Flannery OConnor

COSO Internal Control Integrated Framework

Question: Discuss about the COSO Internal Control Integrated Framework. Answer: Introduction: World Com is a giant telecom company that came into spotlight for the accounting scandal in its books of accounts. The fraud was committed in the books of account in the two ways by reducing the reserve account and under reporting of expenses. The operating margin indicates the profitability of the company. The operating margin of the company has decreased sharply during 1998. In order to improve the operating margin the company used manipulative accounting technique so that company can project improved earnings (Knechel Salterio, 2016). The company passed fictitious accounting entries to increase the revenue amount and it was passed from the Corporate Unallocated Revenue account. The company reduced the reserve for covering the liabilities of the company acquired. The company from its reserve added $2.8 billion to its revenue. This resulted in increase in profit margin of the company constantly during the year 1999 and 2000. The current accounting manipulation is considered inadequ ate to maintain the same level of earnings by 2001. In 2001, the profit margin of the company has decreased to half as compared to the previous years (Martin et al., 2014). The second way in which the World Com has performed fraud is by under reporting of expenses. The company has under reported the line cost so that stock price of the company is increased. The line cost of the company includes expenses for inter connection with other telecommunication companies. The company in the year 2000 actually suffered a loss of $649 million (Kiesow et al., 2015). However, by performing fraud the company reported the profit of $2608 million in the same year. The company reported the expenses as capital investment and it was shown in balance sheet. The company made this fraud to show that the company is earning more by making fewer expenses. The company transferred into the capital account the current expenses. The company by understating the expenses boosted the net income of the company and as the expenses was capitalized so the assets of the company has increased from 1999 to 2001. Therefore, it can be said that the company has avoided a loss of billion dollars by capitalizing the line cost instead of expressing it as expenses. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (SOX) provides the initiative for discloser of financial information. The SOX Act encourages greater initiative for the financial information disclosure. The key section of the SOX that relates to the activity is section 404. The section 404 of the SOX provides that the external auditor should evaluate the effectiveness of the internal control on the financial reporting process. The executive of the HealthSouth is engaged in the fraudulent activity. The executive have committed fraud by following three steps. Firstly, the company analyzed the financial statement to determine if the expectation of the analyst is meet. Secondly, if the earning of the company is short then the management manipulates the results for suiting the purpose as necessary. Thirdly, the management created false documents so that the false entries in the books of the accounts are concealed. The widespread fraud was prevalent in the company of the Health South and even the auditors allowed the fraud to be continued (Luo, 2015). The section 303 of the SOX Act deals with the improper influences on the conduct of audit. The section 303 provides that it will be unlawful to influence the performance of an auditor engaged in providing independent opinion on the financial statement. In this case, the management of the company has violated the provision of the act by influencing the opinion of the auditor. The SOX Act provides that alteration of document is a criminal offence that attracts penalties under section 802 of the SOX Act. The section 108 of the SOX Act requires the company to prepare the financial statement in accordance with the accounting standards. In this case, the company has engaged in fraud so the section 108 of the act is violated. In this question the three article is discussed to examine the change that have taken place in the role of audit committee and internal audit after the passing of SOX Act. The first article by Cynthia et al., 2011 in Highlights of Corporate Governance Research. Journal of Accountancy states that the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 motivates recent corporate governance initiatives (SOX). The article discusses the role that the internal audit plays in detecting the material weakness. It is stated in the article that the role of the internal auditor mainly focused on detecting weakness in control. The scope of the internal audit have widened after the recent developments. The internal audit not only includes detection of the material weakness but also provides opinion on the financial statement. The article shows that significant change have taken place after passing of the SOX Act (Karanja Zaveri, 2014). In the article of Corporate Governance in the Post-Sarbanes-Oxley by Cohen et al., 2010 states that responsibility of management, auditor and corporate governance has significantly expanded after the Sarbanes-Oxley Act 2002. In this article, an interview-based research was conducted in which three of the four big audit firms participated. The auditors indicated that there is a significant improvement in the corporate governance scenario across the world. It was found that the audit committees are performing their responsibility with more responsibility. In the Shu Lin et al., 2011 the article for The Role of the Internal Audit Function in the Disclosure of Material Weaknesses. The Accounting Review discuss the role related to the internal audit function (IAF). The section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 states that disclosure of material weakness should be reported under section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (Spears et al., 2013). This study investigates the role of the internal audit function in the disclosure of the material weakness. The data of 214 firms were used to study the relationship between the disclosure of material weakness and the attributes and activities of internal audit functions. The result of the study indicated that the disclosure of material weakness is negatively related with the level of education of the IAF. It is also found in the study that the practice of the grading of the audit engagement and the disclosure of material weakness have a positive relationship. The coordination of the internal and external auditor suggests that these activities increases the effectiveness of the compliance process of section 404. Reference Karanja, E., Zaveri, J. (2014). Ramifications of the Sarbanes Oxley (SOX) Act on IT governance.International Journal of Accounting and Information Management,22(2), 134-145. Kiesow, A., Fellmann, M., Zarvic, N., Thomas, O. (2015). Managing Internal Control: Designing a Wiki-based Information System for Continuous Process Assurance. Knechel, W. R., Salterio, S. E. (2016).Auditing: assurance and risk. Routledge. Luo, Y. (2015). Acctg 626 Audit and Assurance Services. Martin, K., Sanders, E., Scalan, G. (2014). The potential impact of COSO internal control integrated framework revision on internal audit structured SOX work programs.Research in Accounting Regulation,26(1), 110-117. Spears, J. L., Barki, H., Barton, R. R. (2013). Theorizing the concept and role of assurance in Information Systems Security.Information management,50(7), 598-605.